INSTALLATION RESTORATION PROGRAM
SIX AREAS OF CONTAMINATION
SOURCE AREA FEASIBILITY STUDY
Massachusetts Military Reservation
Cape Cod, Massachusetts

FINAL
NOVEMBER 1997

Prepared for:
Air Force Center for Environmental Excellence and Air National Guard

Prepared by:
ABB Environmental Services, Inc.
Portland, Maine
Project No. 8886-22
Hazardous Waste Remedial Actions Program
Environmental Management and Enrichment Facilities
Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-7606

Managed by:
LOCKHEED MARTIN ENERGY SYSTEMS
for the U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY under Contract DE-AC05-84OR21400

TABLE OF CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1.0 INTRODUCTION

• 1.1 Purpose and Scope
• 1.2 Document Organization

2.0 SUMMARY OF SITE CONTAMINATION AND RISK

• 2.1 AOC SD-5/FS-5
  • 2.1.1 Site Description and History
  • 2.1.1.1 SD-5A Operable Unit
  • 2.1.1.2 SD-5B Operable Unit
  • 2.1.1.3 SD-5C Operable Unit
  • 2.1.2 Previous Investigations
  • 2.1.3 Soil Contamination Assessment
  • 2.1.3.1 SD-5A Operable Unit
  • 2.1.3.2 SD-5B Operable Unit
  • 2.1.3.3 SD-5C Operable Unit
  • 2.1.4 Groundwater Contamination Assessment
  • 2.1.5 Human Health Preliminary Risk Assessment Summary
  • 2.1.6 Ecological Preliminary Risk Assessment Summary
• 2.2 AOC FTA-2/LF-2
  • 2.2.1 Site Description and History
  • 2.2.2 Previous Investigations
  • 2.2.3 Soil Contamination Assessment
  • 2.2.4 Groundwater Contamination Assessment
  • 2.2.5 Human Health Preliminary Risk Assessment Summary
  • 2.2.6 Ecological Preliminary Risk Assessment Summary
• 2.3 AOC PFSA/FS-10/FS-11
  • 2.3.1 Site Description and History
  • 2.3.2 Previous Investigations
  • 2.3.3 Soil Contamination Assessment
  • 2.3.4 Groundwater Contamination Assessment
  • 2.3.5 Sediment Contamination Assessment
  • 2.3.6 Human Health Preliminary Risk Assessment Summary
  • 2.3.7 Ecological Preliminary Risk Assessment Summary
• 2.4 AOC SD-2/FS-6/FS-8
  • 2.4.1 Site Description and History
  • 2.4.2 Previous Investigations
  • 2.4.3 Soil/Sediment Contamination Assessment
  • 2.4.4 Groundwater Contamination Assessment
  • 2.4.5 Human Health Preliminary Risk Assessment Summary
  • 2.4.6 Ecological Preliminary Risk Assessment Summary
• 2.5 AOC SD-3/FTA-3/CY-4
  • 2.5.1 Site Description and History
  • 2.5.2 Previous Investigations
  • 2.5.3 Soil Contamination Assessment
  • 2.5.4 Groundwater Contamination Assessment
  • 2.5.5 Sediment Contamination Assessment
  • 2.5.6 Surface Water Contamination Assessment
  • 2.5.7 Human Health Preliminary Risk Assessment Summary
  • 2.5.8 Ecological Preliminary Risk Assessment Summary
• 2.6 AOC SD-4
  • 2.6.1 Site Description and History
  • 2.6.2 Previous Investigations
  • 2.6.3 Surface Soil and Sediment Contamination Assessment
  • 2.6.4 Subsurface Soil Contamination Assessment
  • 2.6.5 Groundwater Contamination Assessment
  • 2.6.6 Surface Water Contamination Assessment
  • 2.6.7 Human Health Preliminary Risk Assessment Summary
  • 2.6.8 Ecological Preliminary Risk Assessment Summary

3.0 APPLICABLE OR RELEVANT AND APPROPRIATE REQUIREMENTS

• 3.1 Terms and Definitions
• 3.2 Identification of Applicable or Relevant and Appropriate Requirements
  • 3.2.1 Chemical-specific Requirements
  • 3.2.2 Location-specific Requirements
  • 3.2.3 Action-specific Requirements

4.0 BASIS FOR SITE REMEDIATION

• 4.1 Identification of Response Objectives
  • 4.1.1 Response Objectives at AOC SD-5/FS-5
  • 4.1.2 Response Objectives at AOC FTA-2/LF-2
  • 4.1.3 Response Objectives at AOC PFSA/FS-10/FS-11
  • 4.1.4 Response Objectives at AOC SD-2/FS-6/FS-8
  • 4.1.5 Response Objectives at AOC SD-3/FTA-3/CY-4
  • 4.1.6 Response Objectives at AOC SD-4
• 4.2 Remedial Action Objectives
  • 4.2.1 Remedial Action Objectives for AOC SD-5/FS-5
  • 4.2.2 Remedial Action Objectives for AOC FTA-2/LF-2
  • 4.2.3 Remedial Action Objectives for AOC PFSA/FS-10/FS-11
  • 4.2.4 Remedial Action Objectives for AOC SD-2/FS-6/FS-8
  • 4.2.5 Remedial Action Objectives for AOC SD-3/FTA-3/CY-4
  • 4.2.6 Remedial Action Objectives for AOC SD-4
• 4.3 Locations Proposed for Cleanup
  • 4.3.1 Locations Proposed for Cleanup at AOC SD-5/FS-5
  • 4.3.1.1 Locations Proposed for Cleanup at OU SD-5A
  • 4.3.1.2 Locations Proposed for Cleanup at OU SD-5B
  • 4.3.1.3 Locations Proposed for Cleanup at OU SD-5C
  • 4.3.2 Locations Proposed for Cleanup at AOC FTA-2/LF-2
  • 4.3.3 Locations Proposed for Cleanup at AOC PFSA/FS-10/FS-11
  • 4.3.4 Locations Proposed for Cleanup at AOC SD-2/FS-6/FS-8
  • 4.3.5 Locations Proposed for Cleanup at AOC SD-3/FTA-3/CY-4
  • 4.3.6 Locations Proposed for Cleanup at AOC SD-4
• 4.4 General Response Actions

5.0 IDENTIFICATION AND SCREENING OF TECHNOLOGIES

• 5.1 Technology Identification
• 5.2 Presumptive Remedies
• 5.3 Technology Screening

6.0 DEVELOPMENT AND SCREENING OF ALTERNATIVES

• 6.1 Development of Alternatives
  • 6.1.1 Alternative 1: No Action
  • 6.1.2 Alternative 2: Limited Action
  • 6.1.3 Alternative 3: Biosparging
  • 6.1.4 Alternative 4: Excavation/Asphalt-batching
  • 6.1.5 Alternative 5: Excavation/Off-site Treatment and Disposal
• 6.2 Screening of Alternatives
  • 6.2.1 Alternative 2: Limited Action
  • 6.2.2 Alternative 3: Biosparging
  • 6.2.3 Alternative 4: Excavation/Asphalt-batching
  • 6.2.4 Alternative 5: Excavation/Off-site Treatment and Disposal

7.0 DETAILED ANALYSIS OF SOURCE CONTROL ALTERNATIVES

• 7.1 AOC SD-5/FS-5
  • 7.1.1 AOC SD-5/FS-5 Alternative 1: No Action
  • 7.1.2 AOC SD-5/FS-5 Alternative 2: Limited Action
  • 7.1.3 AOC SD-5/FS-5 Alternative 4: Excavation/Asphalt-batching
  • 7.1.4 AOC SD-5/FS-5 Alternative 5: Excavation/Off-site Treatment and Disposal
• 7.2 AOC FTA-2/LF-2
  • 7.2.1 AOC FTA-2/LF-2 Alternative 1: No Action
  • 7.2.2 AOC FTA-2/LF-2 Alternative 2: Limited Action
  • 7.2.3 AOC FTA-2/LF-2 Alternative 3: Biosparging with Off-gas Monitoring
• 7.3 AOC PFSA/FS-10/FS-11
  • 7.3.1 AOC PFSA/FS-10/FS-11 Alternative 1: No Action
  • 7.3.2 AOC PFSA/FS-10/FS-11 Alternative 2: Limited Action
  • 7.3.3 AOC PFSA/FS-10/FS-11 Alternative 3: Biosparging with Off-gas Collection and Treatment
• 7.4 AOC SD-2/FS-6/FS-8
  • 7.4.1 AOC SD-2/FS-6/FS-8 Alternative 1: No Action
  • 7.4.2 AOC SD-2/FS-6/FS-8 Alternative 4: Excavation/Asphalt-batching
  • 7.4.3 AOC SD-2/FS-6/FS-8 Alternative 5: Excavation/Off-site Treatment and Disposal
• 7.5 AOC SD-3/FTA-3/CY-4
  • 7.5.1 AOC SD-3/FTA-3/CY-4 Alternative 1: No Action
  • 7.5.2 AOC SD-3/FTA-3/CY-4 Alternative 2: Confirmation Sampling with Contingency of Excavation/Asphalt-Batching
  • 7.5.3 Description of the Excavation/Asphalt-batching Contingency Action for AOC SD-3/FTA-3/CY4
• 7.6 AOC SD-4
  • 7.6.1 AOC SD-4 Alternative 1: No Action
  • 7.6.2 AOC SD-4 Alternative 4: Excavation/Asphalt-batching
  • 7.6.3 AOC SD-4 Alternative 5: Excavation/Off-site Treatment and Disposal

8.0 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

• 8.1 Approach to the Comparative Analysis
  • 8.1.1 Threshold Criteria
  • 8.1.2 Primary Balancing Criteria
  • 8.1.3 Modifying Criteria
• 8.2 Comparative Analysis of Alternatives
  • 8.2.1 Comparative Analysis of Alternatives for AOC SD-5/FS-5
  • 8.2.2 Comparative Analysis of Alternatives for AOC FTA-2/LF-2
  • 8.2.3 Comparative Analysis of Alternatives for AOC PFSA/FS-10/FS-11
  • 8.2.4 Comparative Analysis of Alternatives for AOC SD-2/FS-6/FS-8
  • 8.2.5 Comparative Analysis of Alternatives for AOC SD-3/FTA-3/CY-4
  • 8.2.6 Comparative Analysis of Alternatives for AOC SD-4

GLOSSARY OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

REFERENCES

APPENDICES

• APPENDIX A FIGURES (1.6 mb PDF file)
• APPENDIX B TABLES (827 kb PDF file)
• APPENDIX C VOLUME CALCULATIONS (1.3 mb PDF file)
• APPENDIX D BASIS FOR CONCEPTUAL BIOSPARGING LAYOUTS (295 kb PDF file)
• APPENDIX E AOC SD-4 CONTAMINANTS OF POTENTIAL CONCERN (1.4 mb PDF file)

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LIST OF FIGURES

• 1-1 Site Location Map
• 1-2 Location of AOCs
• 2-1 AOC SD-5/FS-5 Site Features
• 2-2 AOC SD-5/FS-5 Exploration Locations
• 2-3 AOC FTA-2/LF-2 Site Features and Exploration Locations
• 2-4 AOC PFSA/FS-10/FS-11 Site Features and Exploration Locations
• 2-5 AOC SD-2/FS-6/FS-8 Site Features and Exploration Locations
• 2-6 AOC SD-3/FTA-3/CY-4 Site Features
• 2-7 AOC SD-3/FTA-3/CY-4 Exploration Locations
• 2-8 AOC SD-4 Site Features and Exploration Locations
• 4-1 STCL Screening Process
• 4-2 Locations Proposed for Cleanup at AOC SD-5/FS-5
• 4-3 Locations Proposed for Cleanup at OU SD-5A
• 4-4 Locations Proposed for Cleanup at OU SD-5B
• 4-5 Locations Proposed for Cleanup at OU SD-5C North
• 4-6 Locations Proposed for Cleanup at OU SD-5C South
• 4-7 Locations Proposed for Cleanup at AOC FTA-2/LF-2
• 4-8 Locations Proposed for Cleanup at AOC PFSA/FS-10/FS-11
• 4-9 Locations Proposed for Cleanup at AOC SD-2/FS-6/FS-8
• 4-10 Locations Proposed for Cleanup at AOC SD-4
• 6-1 Conceptual Section View of Biosparging System Components
• 7-1 Conceptual Layout for Alternatives 4 and 5 at AOC SD-5/FS-5
• 7-2 Conceptual Layout for Biosparging at AOC FTA-2/LF-2
• 7-3 Conceptual Details for Biosparging at AOC FTA-2/LF-2
• 7-4 Conceptual Layout for Biosparging at AOC PFSA/FS-10/FS-11
• 7-5 Conceptual Layout for Alternatives 4 and 5 at AOC SD-2/FS-6/FS-8
• 7-6 Conceptual Layout for Alternatives 4 and 5 at AOC SD-4

LIST OF TABLES

• 2-1 Summary Statistics for Human Health Contaminants of Concern in Zero to 10-Feet BGS Soil at AOC SD-5/FS-5
• 2-2 Summary of Human Health Risks at AOC SD-5/FS-5
• 2-3 Summary Statistics for Ecological Contaminants of Concern in Zero to 2-Feet BGS Surface Soil at AOC SD-5/FS-5
• 2-4 Summary of Ecological Risk Estimates at AOC SD-5/FS-5
• 2-5 Estimation of Phytotoxicity Risks in Zero to 2-Feet BGS Surface Soil at AOC SD-5/FS-5
• 2-6 Summary Statistics for Human Health Contaminants of Concern in Zero to 10-Feet BGS Soil at AOC FTA-2/LF-2
• 2-7 Summary of Human Health Risks at AOC FTA-2/LF-2
• 2-8 Summary Statistics for Ecological Contaminants of Concern in Zero to 2-Feet BGS Surface Soil at AOC FTA-2/LF-2
• 2-9 Summary of Ecological Risk Estimates at AOC FTA-2/LF-2
• 2-10 Estimation of Phytotoxicity Risks in Zero to 2-Feet BGS Surface Soil at AOC FTA-2/LF-2
• 2-11 Summary Statistics for Human Health Contaminants of Concern in Zero to 10-Feet BGS Soil at AOC PFSA/FS-10/FS-11
• 2-12 Summary of Human Health Risks at AOC PFSA/FS-10/FS-11
• 2-13 Summary Statistics for Human Health Contaminants of Concern in Zero to 2-Feet BGS Soil at AOC SD-2/FS-6/FS-8
• 2-14 Summary of Human Health Risks at AOC SD-2/FS-6/FS-8
• 2-15 Summary Statistics for Ecological Contaminants of Concern in Zero to 2-Feet BGS Surface Soil at AOC SD-2/FS-6/FS-8
• 2-16 Summary of Ecological Risk Estimates at AOC SD-2/FS-6/FS-8
• 2-17 Estimation of Phytotoxicity Risks in Zero to 2-Feet BGS Surface Soil at AOC SD-2/FS-6/FS-8
• 2-18 Summary Statistics for Human Health Contaminants of Concern in Zero to 2-Feet BGS Surface Soil at AOC SD-3/FTA-3/CY-4
• 2-19 Summary Statistics for Human Health Contaminants of Concern in Zero to 10-Feet BGS Soil at AOC SD-3/FTA-3/CY-4
• 2-20 Summary of Human Health Risks at AOC SD-3/FTA-3/CY-4
• 2-21 Summary Statistics for Ecological Contaminants of Concern in Zero to 2-Feet BGS Surface Soil at AOC SD-3/FTA-3/CY-4
• 2-22 Summary of Ecological Risk Estimates at AOC SD-3/FTA-3/CY-4
• 2-23 Estimation of Phytotoxicity Risks in Zero to 2-Feet BGS Surface Soil at AOC SD-3/FTA-3/CY-4
• 2-24 Summary of Human Health Risks at AOC SD-4
• 2-25 Summary of Ecological Risk Estimates at AOC SD-4
• 3-1 Chemical-specific ARARs, Criteria, Advisories, and Guidance
• 3-2 Location-specific ARARs, Criteria, Advisories, and Guidance
• 3-3 Potential Action-specific ARARs
• 5-1 Potential Soil Remedial Technologies
• 5-2 Description of Soil Process Options
• 5-3 USEPA Presumptive Remedies for Superfund Sites
• 5-4 Screening of Soil Technologies and Process Options
• 5-5 Screening Summary of Technologies and Process Options
• 6-1 Screening Summary of Alternative 2: Limited Action
• 6-2 Screening Summary of Alternative 3: Biosparging
• 6-3 Screening Summary of Alternative 4: Excavation/Asphalt-batching
• 6-4 Screening Summary of Alternative 5: Excavation/Off-site Treatment and Disposal
• 6-5 Alternatives Retained After Screening
• 7-1 Criteria for Detailed Analysis of Alternatives
• 7-2 Components of the Candidate Remedial Alternatives at AOC SD-5/FS-5
• 7-3 Cost Summary Table for AOC SD-5/FS-5 Alternative 2: Limited Action
• 7-4 ARARs, Criteria, Advisories, and Guidance for AOC SD-5/FS-5
• 7-5 Cost Summary Table for AOC SD-5/FS-5 Alternative 4: Excavation/Asphalt-Batching
• 7-6 Cost Summary Table for AOC SD-5/FS-5 Alternative 5: Excavation/Off-site Treatment and Disposal
• 7-7 Components of the Candidate Remedial Alternatives at AOC FTA-2/LF-2
• 7-8 Cost Summary Table for AOC FTA-2/LF-2 Alternative 2: Limited Action
• 7-9 ARARs, Criteria, Advisories, and Guidance for AOC FTA-2/LF-2
• 7-10 Cost Summary Table for AOC FTA-2/LF-2 Alternative 3: Biosparging with Off-gas Monitoring
• 7-11 Components of the Candidate Remedial Alternatives at AOC PFSA/FS-10/FS-11
• 7-12 Cost Summary Table for PFSA/FS-10/FS-11 Alternative 2: Limited Action
• 7-13 ARARs, Criteria, Advisories, and Guidance for AOC PFSA/FS-10/FS-11
• 7-14 Cost Summary Table for PFSA/FS-10/FS-11 Alternative 3: Biosparging with Off-gas Collection and Treatment
• 7-15 Components of the Candidate Remedial Alternatives at AOC SD-2/FS-6/FS-8
• 7-16 ARARs, Criteria, Advisories, and Guidance for AOC SD-2/FS-6/FS-8
• 7-17 Cost Summary Table for AOC SD-2/FS-6/FS-8 Alternative 4: Excavation/Asphalt-Batching
• 7-18 Cost Summary Table for AOC SD-2/FS-6/FS-8 Alternative 5: Excavation/Off-site Treatment and Disposal
• 7-19 Components of the Candidate Remedial Alternatives at AOC SD-3/FTA-3/CY-4
• 7-20 ARARs, Criteria, Advisories, and Guidance for AOC SD-3/FTA-3/CY-4
• 7-21 Cost Summary Table for AOC SD-3/FTA-3/CY-4 Alternative 2: Confirmation Sampling
• 7-22 Cost Summary Table for AOC SD-3/FTA-3/CY-4 Alternative 2: Contingency Soil Removal
• 7-23 Components of the Candidate Remedial Alternatives at AOC SD-4
• 7-24 ARARs, Criteria, Advisories, and Guidance for AOC SD-4
• 7-25 Cost Summary Table for AOC SD-4 Alternative 4: Excavation/Asphalt-Batching
• 7-26 Cost Summary Table for AOC SD-4 Alternative 5: Excavation/Off-site Treatment and Disposal
• 8-1 Comparative Analysis of Alternatives, AOC SD-5/FS-5
• 8-2 Comparative Analysis of Alternatives, AOC FTA-2/LF-2
• 8-3 Comparative Analysis of Alternatives, AOC PFSA/FS-10/FS-11
• 8-4 Comparative Analysis of Alternatives, AOC SD-2/FS-6/FS-8
• 8-5 Comparative Analysis of Alternatives, AOC SD-3/FTA-3/CY-4
• 8-6 Comparative Analysis of Alternatives, AOC SD-4